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Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 277: E135-E143, 1999;
0193-1849/99 $5.00
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Vol. 277, Issue 1, E135-E143, July 1999

Insulin-like growth factor I in skeletal muscle after weight-lifting exercise in frail elders

Maria A. Fiatarone Singh1,2,3, Wenjing Ding1,4, Thomas J. Manfredi5, Guido S. Solares1, Evelyn F. O'Neill2, Karen M. Clements2, Nancy D. Ryan2, Joseph J. Kehayias1, Roger A. Fielding1,4, and William J. Evans6

1 Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston 02111; 2 Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged, Boston 02131; 4 Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; 5 Exercise Science Laboratory, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02906; 6 Nutrition, Exercise, and Metabolism Division, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Little Rock, Arkansas 72114; and 3 School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales 1825, Australia

To assess muscle remodeling and functional adaptation to exercise and diet interventions, 26 men and women aged 72-98 yr underwent a vastus lateralis biopsy before and after placebo control condition, and progressive resistance training, multinutrient supplementation, or both. Type II atrophy, Z band, and myofibril damage were present at baseline. Combined weight lifting and nutritional supplementation increased strength by 257 ± 62% (P = 0.0001) and type II fiber area by 10.1 ± 9.0% (P = 0.033), with a similar trend for type I fiber area (+12.8 ± 22.2%). Exercise was associated with a 2.5-fold increase in neonatal myosin staining (P = 0.0009) and an increase of 491 ± 137% (P < 0.0001) in IGF-I staining. Ultrastructural damage increased by 141 ± 59% after exercise training (P = 0.034). Strength increases were largest in those with the greatest increases in myosin, IGF-I, damage, and caloric intake during the trial. Age-related sarcopenia appears largely confined to type II muscle fibers. Frail elders respond robustly to resistance training with musculoskeletal remodeling, and significant increases in muscle area are possible with resistance training in combination with adequate energy intakes.

sarcopenia; muscle biopsy; resistance training; muscle damage


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