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-cell mass in adult offspring of rats
protein and/or energy restricted during the last week of
pregnancy
Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Nutrition, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-ESA 7059, Université Paris 7/D. Diderot, 75251 Paris, France
An association between
low birth weight and later impaired glucose tolerance was recently
demonstrated in several human populations. Although fetal malnutrition
is probably involved, the biological bases of such a relationship are
not yet clear, and animal studies on the matter are scarce. The present
study was aimed to identify, in adult (8-wk) female offspring, the
effects of reduced protein and/or energy intake strictly limited to the
last week of pregnancy. Thus we have tested three protocols of
gestational malnutrition: a low-protein isocaloric diet (5 instead of
15%), with pair feeding to the mothers receiving the control diet; a
restricted diet (50% of the control diet); and a low-protein
restricted diet (50% of low-protein diet). Only the low-protein diet
protocols, independent of total energy intake, led to a lower birth
weight. The adult offspring female rats in the three deprived groups
exhibited no decrease in body weight and no major impairment in glucose
tolerance, glucose utilization, or glucose production (basal state and
hyperinsulinemic clamp studies). However, pancreatic insulin content
and 
-cell mass were significantly decreased in the low-protein
isocaloric diet group compared with the two energy-restricted groups.
Such impairment of -cell mass development induced by protein
deficiency limited to the last part of intrauterine life could
represent a situation predisposing to impaired glucose tolerance.
fetal malnutrition; endocrine pancreas
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