| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1 Department of Zoology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602; and 2 Department of Biochemistry, The University, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom
Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)
now appears to be a metabolic master switch, phosphorylating key target
proteins that control flux through metabolic pathways of hepatic
ketogenesis, cholesterol synthesis, lipogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis, adipocyte lipolysis, and skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation. Recent evidence also implicates AMPK as being responsible for mediating the stimulation of glucose uptake induced by muscle contraction. In addition, the secretion of insulin by insulin secreting
(INS-1) cells in culture is modulated by AMPK activation. The net
effect of AMPK activation is stimulation of hepatic fatty acid
oxidation and ketogenesis, inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, lipogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis, inhibition of adipocyte lipolysis and lipogenesis, stimulation of skeletal muscle fatty acid
oxidation and muscle glucose uptake, and modulation of insulin secretion by pancreatic 
-cells. In skeletal muscle, AMPK is
activated by contraction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is likely to be a
disease of numerous etiologies. However, defects or disuse (due to a
sedentary lifestyle) of the AMPK signaling system would be predicted to result in many of the metabolic perturbations observed in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Increased recruitment of the AMPK signaling system,
either by exercise or pharmaceutical activators, may be effective in
correcting insulin resistance in patients with forms of impaired
glucose tolerance and Type 2 diabetes resulting from defects in the
insulin signaling cascade.
adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase kinase; fatty acid oxidation; glucose uptake; GLUT-4; insulin insensitivity; malonylcoenzyme A
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R. S. Lee-Young, B. J. Canny, D. E. Myers, and G. K. McConell AMPK activation is fiber type specific in human skeletal muscle: effects of exercise and short-term exercise training J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2009; 107(1): 283 - 289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. D. L. Folmes, C. S. Wagg, M. Shen, A. S. Clanachan, R. Tian, and G. D. Lopaschuk Suppression of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase activity does not impair recovery of contractile function during reperfusion of ischemic hearts Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2009; 297(1): H313 - H321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Egan and J. R. Zierath Hunting for the SNARK in metabolic disease Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 2009; 296(5): E969 - E972. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. A. Zwetsloot, L. M. Westerkamp, B. F. Holmes, and T. P. Gavin AMPK regulates basal skeletal muscle capillarization and VEGF expression, but is not necessary for the angiogenic response to exercise J. Physiol., December 15, 2008; 586(24): 6021 - 6035. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. C. Dreyer, M. J. Drummond, E. L. Glynn, S. Fujita, D. L. Chinkes, E. Volpi, and B. B. Rasmussen Resistance exercise increases human skeletal muscle AS160/TBC1D4 phosphorylation in association with enhanced leg glucose uptake during postexercise recovery J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2008; 105(6): 1967 - 1974. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. K. Philp, B. S. Muhlhausler, A. Janovska, G. A. Wittert, J. A. Duffield, and I. C. McMillen Maternal overnutrition suppresses the phosphorylation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase in liver, but not skeletal muscle, in the fetal and neonatal sheep Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 2008; 295(6): R1982 - R1990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Branvold, D. R. Allred, D. J. Beckstead, H. J. Kim, N. Fillmore, B. M. Condon, J. D. Brown, S. N. Sudweeks, D. M. Thomson, and W. W. Winder Thyroid hormone effects on LKB1, MO25, phospho-AMPK, phospho-CREB, and PGC-1{alpha} in rat muscle J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2008; 105(4): 1218 - 1227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Rantzau, M. Christopher, and F. P. Alford Contrasting effects of exercise, AICAR, and increased fatty acid supply on in vivo and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2008; 104(2): 363 - 370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. Brown, M. Elstner, S. J. Yeaman, D. M. Turnbull, and M. Walker Does impaired mitochondrial function affect insulin signaling and action in cultured human skeletal muscle cells? Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2008; 294(1): E97 - E102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. A. Lira, Q. A. Soltow, J. H. D. Long, J. L. Betters, J. E. Sellman, and D. S. Criswell Nitric oxide increases GLUT4 expression and regulates AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2007; 293(4): E1062 - E1068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. T. Putman, K. J. B. Martins, M. E. Gallo, G. D. Lopaschuk, J. A. Pearcey, I. M. MacLean, R. J. Saranchuk, and D. Pette {alpha}-Catalytic subunits of 5'AMP-activated protein kinase display fiber-specific expression and are upregulated by chronic low-frequency stimulation in rat muscle Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2007; 293(3): R1325 - R1334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Katz Modulation of glucose transport in skeletal muscle by reactive oxygen species J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2007; 102(4): 1671 - 1676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Sandstrom, S.-J. Zhang, H. Westerblad, and A. Katz Mechanical load plays little role in contraction-mediated glucose transport in mouse skeletal muscle J. Physiol., March 1, 2007; 579(2): 527 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Thomson, B. B. Porter, J. H. Tall, H-J. Kim, J. R. Barrow, and W. W. Winder Skeletal muscle and heart LKB1 deficiency causes decreased voluntary running and reduced muscle mitochondrial marker enzyme expression in mice Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2007; 292(1): E196 - E202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Liguzinski and B. Korzeniewski Metabolic control over the oxygen consumption flux in intact skeletal muscle: in silico studies Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, December 1, 2006; 291(6): C1213 - C1224. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Christopher, C. Rantzau, Z.-P. Chen, R. Snow, B. Kemp, and F. P. Alford Impact of in vivo fatty acid oxidation blockade on glucose turnover and muscle glucose metabolism during low-dose AICAR infusion Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2006; 291(5): E1131 - E1140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. C. Dreyer, S. Fujita, J. G. Cadenas, D. L. Chinkes, E. Volpi, and B. B. Rasmussen Resistance exercise increases AMPK activity and reduces 4E-BP1 phosphorylation and protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle J. Physiol., October 15, 2006; 576(2): 613 - 624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Li, D. L. Coven, E. J. Miller, X. Hu, M. E. Young, D. Carling, A. J. Sinusas, and L. H. Young Activation of AMPK {alpha}- and {gamma}-isoform complexes in the intact ischemic rat heart Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2006; 291(4): H1927 - H1934. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Otani, K. S. Polonsky, J. O. Holloszy, and D.-H. Han Inhibition of calpain results in impaired contraction-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 2006; 291(3): E544 - E548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. C. Greenberg, M. J. Jurczak, A. M. Danos, and M. J. Brady Glycogen branches out: new perspectives on the role of glycogen metabolism in the integration of metabolic pathways Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2006; 291(1): E1 - E8. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Sriwijitkamol, J. L. Ivy, C. Christ-Roberts, R. A. DeFronzo, L. J. Mandarino, and N. Musi LKB1-AMPK signaling in muscle from obese insulin-resistant Zucker rats and effects of training Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 2006; 290(5): E925 - E932. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Desvergne, L. Michalik, and W. Wahli Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolism Physiol Rev, April 1, 2006; 86(2): 465 - 514. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Lin, M. Park, M. Hulver, and D. A. York Different metabolic responses to central and peripheral injection of enterostatin Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2006; 290(4): R909 - R915. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Terada, S. Wicke, J. O. Holloszy, and D.-H. Han PPAR{delta} activator GW-501516 has no acute effect on glucose transport in skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 2006; 290(4): E607 - E611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Lessard, Z.-P. Chen, M. J. Watt, M. Hashem, J. J. Reid, M. A. Febbraio, B. E. Kemp, and J. A. Hawley Chronic rosiglitazone treatment restores AMPK{alpha}2 activity in insulin-resistant rat skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, February 1, 2006; 290(2): E251 - E257. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ignoul and J. Eggermont CBS domains: structure, function, and pathology in human proteins Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, December 1, 2005; 289(6): C1369 - C1378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. B. Taylor, J. D. Lamb, R. W. Hurst, D. G. Chesser, W. J. Ellingson, L. J. Greenwood, B. B. Porter, S. T. Herway, and W. W. Winder Endurance training increases skeletal muscle LKB1 and PGC-1{alpha} protein abundance: effects of time and intensity Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2005; 289(6): E960 - E968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Fisher, J.-S. Ju, P. J. Oppelt, J. L. Smith, A. Suzuki, and H. Esumi Muscle contractions, AICAR, and insulin cause phosphorylation of an AMPK-related kinase Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2005; 289(6): E986 - E992. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Yamaguchi, H. Katahira, S. Ozawa, Y. Nakamichi, T. Tanaka, T. Shimoyama, K. Takahashi, K. Yoshimoto, M. O. Imaizumi, S. Nagamatsu, et al. Activators of AMP-activated protein kinase enhance GLUT4 translocation and its glucose transport activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2005; 289(4): E643 - E649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Hurst, E. B. Taylor, T. D. Cline, L. J. Greenwood, C. L. Compton, J. D. Lamb, and W. W. Winder AMP-activated protein kinase kinase activity and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase in contracting muscle of sedentary and endurance-trained rats Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2005; 289(4): E710 - E715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Ryder, Y. C. Long, E. Nilsson, M. Mahlapuu, and J. R. Zierath Effects of calcineurin activation on insulin-, AICAR- and contraction-induced glucose transport in skeletal muscle J. Physiol., September 1, 2005; 567(2): 379 - 386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. O. Holloszy Exercise-induced increase in muscle insulin sensitivity J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2005; 99(1): 338 - 343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. B. Taylor, W. J. Ellingson, J. D. Lamb, D. G. Chesser, and W. W. Winder Long-chain acyl-CoA esters inhibit phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase at threonine-172 by LKB1/STRAD/MO25 Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2005; 288(6): E1055 - E1061. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Klaus, B. Rudolph, C. Dohrmann, and R. Wehr Expression of uncoupling protein 1 in skeletal muscle decreases muscle energy efficiency and affects thermoregulation and substrate oxidation Physiol Genomics, April 14, 2005; 21(2): 193 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Rubink and W. W. Winder Effect of phosphorylation by AMP-activated protein kinase on palmitoyl-CoA inhibition of skeletal muscle acetyl-CoA carboxylase J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2005; 98(4): 1221 - 1227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-S. Ju, J. L. Smith, P. J. Oppelt, and J. S. Fisher Creatine feeding increases GLUT4 expression in rat skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, February 1, 2005; 288(2): E347 - E352. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. J. Rubin, L. Magliola, X. Feng, A. W. Jones, and C. C. Hale Metabolic activation of AMP kinase in vascular smooth muscle J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2005; 98(1): 296 - 306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-y. Wang and R. H. Unger Role of PP2C in cardiac lipid accumulation in obese rodents and its prevention by troglitazone Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2005; 288(1): E216 - E221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Barazzoni, A. Bosutti, M. Stebel, M. R. Cattin, E. Roder, L. Visintin, L. Cattin, G. Biolo, M. Zanetti, and G. Guarnieri Ghrelin regulates mitochondrial-lipid metabolism gene expression and tissue fat distribution in liver and skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2005; 288(1): E228 - E235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. B. Taylor, D. Hurst, L. J. Greenwood, J. D. Lamb, T. D. Cline, S. N. Sudweeks, and W. W. Winder Endurance training increases LKB1 and MO25 protein but not AMP-activated protein kinase kinase activity in skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2004; 287(6): E1082 - E1089. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Gonzalez, R. Kumar, J. D. Mulligan, A. J. Davis, and K. W. Saupe Effects of aging on cardiac and skeletal muscle AMPK activity: basal activity, allosteric activation, and response to in vivo hypoxemia in mice Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2004; 287(5): R1270 - R1275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. J. Durham, S. L. Miller, C. W. Yeckel, D. L. Chinkes, K. D. Tipton, B. B. Rasmussen, and R. R. Wolfe Leg glucose and protein metabolism during an acute bout of resistance exercise in humans J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2004; 97(4): 1379 - 1386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Sakamoto, O. Goransson, D. G. Hardie, and D. R. Alessi Activity of LKB1 and AMPK-related kinases in skeletal muscle: effects of contraction, phenformin, and AICAR Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2004; 287(2): E310 - E317. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Schrauwen and M. K.C. Hesselink Oxidative Capacity, Lipotoxicity, and Mitochondrial Damage in Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes, June 1, 2004; 53(6): 1412 - 1417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Shearer, P. T. Fueger, B. Vorndick, D. P. Bracy, J. N. Rottman, J. A. Clanton, and D. H. Wasserman AMP Kinase-Induced Skeletal Muscle Glucose But Not Long-Chain Fatty Acid Uptake Is Dependent on Nitric Oxide Diabetes, June 1, 2004; 53(6): 1429 - 1435. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D.-H. Han, L. A. Nolte, J.-S. Ju, T. Coleman, J. O. Holloszy, and C. F. Semenkovich UCP-mediated energy depletion in skeletal muscle increases glucose transport despite lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2004; 286(3): E347 - E353. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Kim, R. S. Solis, E. B. Arias, and G. D. Cartee Postcontraction insulin sensitivity: relationship with contraction protocol, glycogen concentration, and 5' AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2004; 96(2): 575 - 583. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. W. Zderic, C. J. Davidson, S. Schenk, L. O. Byerley, and E. F. Coyle High-fat diet elevates resting intramuscular triglyceride concentration and whole body lipolysis during exercise Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, February 1, 2004; 286(2): E217 - E225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Hojlund, K. J. Mustard, P. Staehr, D. G. Hardie, H. Beck-Nielsen, E. A. Richter, and J. F. P. Wojtaszewski AMPK activity and isoform protein expression are similar in muscle of obese subjects with and without type 2 diabetes Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, February 1, 2004; 286(2): E239 - E244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. W. Goforth Jr., D. Laurent, W. K. Prusaczyk, K. E. Schneider, K. F. Petersen, and G. I. Shulman Effects of depletion exercise and light training on muscle glycogen supercompensation in men Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2003; 285(6): E1304 - E1311. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Christopher, Z.-P. Chen, C. Rantzau, B. E. Kemp, and F. P. Alford Skeletal muscle basal AMP-activated protein kinase activity is chronically elevated in alloxan-diabetic dogs: impact of exercise J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2003; 95(4): 1523 - 1530. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Barthel and D. Schmoll Novel concepts in insulin regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2003; 285(4): E685 - E692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Coven, X. Hu, L. Cong, R. Bergeron, G. I. Shulman, D. G. Hardie, and L. H. Young Physiological role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the heart: graded activation during exercise Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 2003; 285(3): E629 - E636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Hojlund, P. Staehr, B. F. Hansen, K. A. Green, D. G. Hardie, E. A. Richter, H. Beck-Nielsen, and J. F.P. Wojtaszewski Increased Phosphorylation of Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Synthase at NH2-Terminal Sites During Physiological Hyperinsulinemia in Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes, June 1, 2003; 52(6): 1393 - 1402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. A. Koistinen, D. Galuska, A. V. Chibalin, J. Yang, J. R. Zierath, G. D. Holman, and H. Wallberg-Henriksson 5-Amino-Imidazole Carboxamide Riboside Increases Glucose Transport and Cell-Surface GLUT4 Content in Skeletal Muscle From Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes, May 1, 2003; 52(5): 1066 - 1072. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. L. Atkinson, R. Kozak, S. E. Kelly, A. Onay-Besikci, J. C. Russell, and G. D. Lopaschuk Potential mechanisms and consequences of cardiac triacylglycerol accumulation in insulin-resistant rats Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 2003; 284(5): E923 - E930. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Jessen, R. Pold, E. S. Buhl, L. S. Jensen, O. Schmitz, and S. Lund Effects of AICAR and exercise on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, signaling, and GLUT-4 content in rat muscles J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2003; 94(4): 1373 - 1379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. F. P. Wojtaszewski, C. MacDonald, J. N. Nielsen, Y. Hellsten, D. G. Hardie, B. E. Kemp, B. Kiens, and E. A. Richter Regulation of 5'AMP-activated protein kinase activity and substrate utilization in exercising human skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 2003; 284(4): E813 - E822. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Hojlund, K. Wrzesinski, P. M. Larsen, S. J. Fey, P. Roepstorff, A. Handberg, F. Dela, J. Vinten, J. G. McCormack, C. Reynet, et al. Proteome Analysis Reveals Phosphorylation of ATP Synthase beta -Subunit in Human Skeletal Muscle and Proteins with Potential Roles in Type 2 Diabetes J. Biol. Chem., March 14, 2003; 278(12): 10436 - 10442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. O. Holloszy A forty-year memoir of research on the regulation of glucose transport into muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2003; 284(3): E453 - E467. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Park, S. R. Paulsen, S. R. Gammon, K. J. Mustard, D. G. Hardie, and W. W. Winder Effects of thyroid state on AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase expression in muscle J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2002; 93(6): 2081 - 2088. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Stoppani, A. L. Hildebrandt, K. Sakamoto, D. Cameron-Smith, L. J. Goodyear, and P. D. Neufer AMP-activated protein kinase activates transcription of the UCP3 and HKII genes in rat skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2002; 283(6): E1239 - E1248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Eto, T. Yamashita, J. Matsui, Y. Terauchi, M. Noda, and T. Kadowaki Genetic Manipulations of Fatty Acid Metabolism in {beta}-Cells Are Associated With Dysregulated Insulin Secretion Diabetes, December 1, 2002; 51(90003): S414 - 420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. S. Olsen and B. F. Hansen AMP kinase activation ameliorates insulin resistance induced by free fatty acids in rat skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2002; 283(5): E965 - E970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. O. Ojuka, T. E. Jones, D.-H. Han, M. Chen, B. R. Wamhoff, M. Sturek, and J. O. Holloszy Intermittent increases in cytosolic Ca2+ stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle cells Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2002; 283(5): E1040 - E1045. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Tomas, A. Zorzano, and N. B. Ruderman Exercise Effects on Muscle Insulin Signaling and Action: Exercise and insulin signaling: a historical perspective J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2002; 93(2): 765 - 772. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. L. Dohm Exercise Effects on Muscle Insulin Signaling and Action: Invited Review: Regulation of skeletal muscle GLUT-4 expression by exercise J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2002; 93(2): 782 - 787. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Sakamoto and L. J. Goodyear Exercise Effects on Muscle Insulin Signaling and Action: Invited Review: Intracellular signaling in contracting skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2002; 93(1): 369 - 383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. E. Durante, K. J. Mustard, S.-H. Park, W. W. Winder, and D. G. Hardie Effects of endurance training on activity and expression of AMP-activated protein kinase isoforms in rat muscles Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2002; 283(1): E178 - E186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Park, S. R. Gammon, J. D. Knippers, S. R. Paulsen, D. S. Rubink, and W. W. Winder Phosphorylation-activity relationships of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in muscle J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2002; 92(6): 2475 - 2482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Li, X. Yu, W. Pan, and R. H. Unger Gene expression profile of rat adipose tissue at the onset of high-fat-diet obesity Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2002; 282(6): E1334 - E1341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Yang, J. Whelan, R. Babb, and B. R. Bowen An mRNA Splice Variant of the AFX Gene with Altered Transcriptional Activity J. Biol. Chem., March 1, 2002; 277(10): 8068 - 8075. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. F.P. Wojtaszewski, S. B. Jorgensen, Y. Hellsten, D. G. Hardie, and E. A. Richter Glycogen-Dependent Effects of 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide (AICA)-Riboside on AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Glycogen Synthase Activities in RatSkeletal Muscle Diabetes, February 1, 2002; 51(2): 284 - 292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Fisher, J. Gao, D.-H. Han, J. O. Holloszy, and L. A. Nolte Activation of AMP kinase enhances sensitivity of muscle glucose transport to insulin Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2002; 282(1): E18 - E23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Paulsen, D. S. Rubink, and W. W. Winder AMP-activated protein kinase activation prevents denervation-induced decline in gastrocnemius GLUT-4 J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2001; 91(5): 2102 - 2108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. W. Winder Energy-sensing and signaling by AMP-activated protein kinase in skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2001; 91(3): 1017 - 1028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Zheng, P. S. MacLean, S. C. Pohnert, J. B. Knight, A. L. Olson, W. W. Winder, and G. L. Dohm Regulation of muscle GLUT-4 transcription by AMP-activated protein kinase J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2001; 91(3): 1073 - 1083. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. K. Kaushik, M. E. Young, D. J. Dean, T. G. Kurowski, A. K. Saha, and N. B. Ruderman Regulation of fatty acid oxidation and glucose metabolism in rat soleus muscle: effects of AICAR Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2001; 281(2): E335 - E340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Leclerc, C. Lenzner, L. Gourdon, S. Vaulont, A. Kahn, and B. Viollet Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-4{alpha} Involved in Type 1 Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Is a Novel Target of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Diabetes, July 1, 2001; 50(7): 1515 - 1521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Musi, N. Fujii, M. F. Hirshman, I. Ekberg, S. Fröberg, O. Ljungqvist, A. Thorell, and L. J. Goodyear AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Is Activated in Muscle of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes During Exercise Diabetes, May 1, 2001; 50(5): 921 - 927. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Hood Plasticity in Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle: Invited Review: Contractile activity-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2001; 90(3): 1137 - 1157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Higaki, M. F. Hirshman, N. Fujii, and L. J. Goodyear Nitric Oxide Increases Glucose Uptake Through a Mechanism That Is Distinct From the Insulin and Contraction Pathways in Rat Skeletal Muscle Diabetes, February 1, 2001; 50(2): 241 - 247. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M. Odland, G. J. F. Heigenhauser, and L. L. Spriet Effects of high fat provision on muscle PDH activation and malonyl-CoA content in moderate exercise J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2000; 89(6): 2352 - 2358. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. W. Winder and B. F. Holmes Insulin stimulation of glucose uptake fails to decrease palmitate oxidation in muscle if AMPK is activated J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2000; 89(6): 2430 - 2437. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Ihlemann, T. Ploug, Y. Hellsten, and H. Galbo Effect of stimulation frequency on contraction-induced glucose transport in rat skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2000; 279(4): E862 - E867. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Zhou, B.-Z. Lin, S. Coughlin, G. Vallega, and P. F. Pilch UCP-3 expression in skeletal muscle: effects of exercise, hypoxia, and AMP-activated protein kinase Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 2000; 279(3): E622 - E629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. W. Winder, B. F. Holmes, D. S. Rubink, E. B. Jensen, M. Chen, and J. O. Holloszy Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase increases mitochondrial enzymes in skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2000; 88(6): 2219 - 2226. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. O. Ojuka, L. A. Nolte, and J. O. Holloszy Increased expression of GLUT-4 and hexokinase in rat epitrochlearis muscles exposed to AICAR in vitro J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2000; 88(3): 1072 - 1075. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. F. Holmes, E. J. Kurth-Kraczek, and W. W. Winder Chronic activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase increases GLUT-4, hexokinase, and glycogen in muscle J Appl Physiol, November 1, 1999; 87(5): 1990 - 1995. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. O. Ojuka, T. E. Jones, L. A. Nolte, M. Chen, B. R. Wamhoff, M. Sturek, and J. O. Holloszy Regulation of GLUT4 biogenesis in muscle: evidence for involvement of AMPK and Ca2+ Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 2002; 282(5): E1008 - E1013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
