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Metabolism Unit, Shriners Burns Institute, and Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550-2725
We examined the effect of resistance training on
the response of mixed muscle protein fractional synthesis (FSR) and
breakdown rates (FBR) by use of primed constant infusions of
[2H5]phenylalanine
and
[15N]phenylalanine,
respectively, to an isolated bout of pleiometric resistance exercise. Trained subjects, who were performing regular resistance exercise (trained, T; n = 6), were compared with sedentary, untrained controls (untrained, UT;
n = 6). The exercise test consisted of
10 sets (8 repetitions per set) of single-leg knee flexion (i.e.,
pleiometric muscle contraction during lowering) at 120% of the
subjects' predetermined single-leg 1 repetition maximum. Subjects
exercised one leg while their contralateral leg acted as a nonexercised
(resting) control. Exercise resulted in an increase, above resting, in
mixed muscle FSR in both groups (UT: rest, 0.036 ± 0.002; exercise,
0.0802 ± 0.01; T: rest, 0.045 ± 0.004; exercise, 0.067 ± 0.01; all values in %/h; P < 0.01). In addition, exercise resulted in an increase in mixed
muscle FBR of 37 ± 5% (rest, 0.076 ± 0.005; exercise, 0.105 ± 0.01; all values in %/h; P < 0.01)
in the UT group but did not significantly affect FBR in the T group.
The resulting muscle net balance (FSR 
FBR) was negative
throughout the protocol (P < 0.05)
but was increased in the exercised leg in both groups
(P < 0.05). We conclude that pleiometric muscle contractions induce an increase in mixed muscle protein synthetic rate within 4 h of completion of an exercise bout but
that resistance training attenuates this increase. A single bout of
pleiometric muscle contractions also increased the FBR of mixed muscle
protein in UT but not in T subjects.
hypertrophy; muscle damage; muscle protein synthesis; muscle protein breakdown
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