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United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, and Endocrinology and Metabolism Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
The elevated rate of muscle protein deposition
in the neonate is largely due to an enhanced stimulation of skeletal
muscle protein synthesis by feeding. To examine the role of insulin in this response, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-amino acid clamps were performed in 7- and 26-day-old pigs. Pigs were infused with 0, 30, 100, or 1,000 ng · kg
0.66 · min1
of insulin to mimic the plasma insulin levels observed under fasted,
fed, refed, and supraphysiological conditions, respectively. Whole body
amino acid disposal was determined from the rate of infusion of an
amino acid mixture necessary to maintain plasma essential amino acid
concentrations near their basal fasting levels. A flooding dose of
L-[4-3H]phenylalanine
was used to measure skeletal muscle protein synthesis. Whole body amino
acid disposal increased progressively as the insulin infusion rate
increased, and this response was greater in 7- than in 26-day-old pigs.
Skeletal muscle protein synthesis was stimulated by insulin, and this
response was maximal at a low insulin infusion rate (30 ng · kg0.66 · min1).
The stimulation of muscle protein synthesis by insulin was also greater
in 7- than in 26- day-old pigs. These data suggest that muscle protein
synthesis is more sensitive to insulin than whole body amino acid
disposal. The results further suggest that insulin is a central
regulatory factor in the elevated rate of muscle protein deposition and
the increased response of skeletal muscle protein synthesis to feeding
in the neonate.
neonate; insulin action; amino acids; protein turnover; feeding
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