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Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 269: E759-E765, 1995;
0193-1849/95 $5.00
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AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol 269, Issue 4 E759-E765, Copyright © 1995 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Compensatory alterations for insulin signal transduction and glucose transport in insulin-resistant diabetes

J. A. Bonini, J. R. Colca, C. Dailey, M. White and C. Hofmann
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.

Insulin binding activates the receptor tyrosine kinase toward the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). Phosphorylated IRS-1 then interacts with the p85 alpha subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Nck, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2), and Syp, thus branching insulin's signal for both mitogenic and metabolic responses. To determine whether the expression of these proteins is altered in insulin resistance, the levels of these proteins were compared in adipose and liver tissues of nondiabetic mice and obese insulin-resistant diabetic KKAy mice. IR and PI3K p85 alpha protein levels were significantly lower in KKAy mice than in control nondiabetic mice, whereas IRS-1 protein levels were not altered. In contrast, the protein levels of GRB2, Nck, Syp, and GLUT-1 were dramatically elevated in KKAy fat, with less striking changes in liver. Treatment of diabetic animals with pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing antihyperglycemic agent, partially corrected the expression of some of these proteins. Taken together, these findings suggest that the insulin-resistant diabetic condition is characterized by changes in expression of insulin signal transduction components that may be associated with altered glucose metabolism.


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