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Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 269: E443-E450, 1995;
0193-1849/95 $5.00
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AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol 269, Issue 3 E443-E450, Copyright © 1995 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Estimation of glucose-alanine-lactate-glutamine cycles in postabsorptive humans: role of skeletal muscle

G. Perriello, R. Jorde, N. Nurjhan, M. Stumvoll, G. Dailey, T. Jenssen, D. M. Bier and J. E. Gerich
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.

To evaluate transfer of carbon between plasma glucose and plasma alanine (glucose-alanine cycle) and lactate (Cori cycle), to assess the contribution of skeletal muscle to these cycles, and to determine whether a glucose-glutamine cycle exists in postabsorptive humans, we infused 11 normal overnight-fasted volunteers with [2-3H]glucose, [6-14C]glucose, and [3-13C]alanine to isotopic steady state and in 7 of these simultaneously measured forearm net balance, uptake, and release of labeled and unlabeled glucose, lactate, and alanine. We found that 40.9 +/- 3.3, 66.8 +/- 3.2, and 13.4 +/- 1.1%, respectively, of plasma alanine, lactate, and glutamine carbon came from plasma glucose. More plasma glucose was converted to plasma alanine than could be derived from plasma alanine (1.89 +/- 0.20 vs. 1.48 +/- 0.15 mumol.kg-1.min-1, P < 0.001). A similar direction of net carbon flux was found for lactate (8.5 vs. 4.2 mumol.kg-1.min-1), with only glutamine adding more carbon to plasma glucose than was received from it (1.0 vs. 0.75 mumol.kg-1.min-1). Skeletal muscle accounted for 50.2 +/- 3.9 and 45.5 +/- 5.7% of the overall appearance of alanine and lactate in plasma and 54.2 +/- 5.4 and 36.4 +/- 4.2% of their respective origins from plasma glucose. Skeletal muscle release of alanine and lactate that had been formed from plasma glucose accounted for 19.1 +/- 2.1 and 48.4 +/- 4.8%, respectively, of muscle glucose uptake and 42.4 +/- 5.5 and 49.9 +/- 5.8% of the overall release of alanine and lactate from muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


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