AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol 266, Issue 1 E1-16, Copyright © 1994 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Experimental approaches in muscle metabolism: hindlimb perfusion and isolated muscle incubations

A. Bonen, M. G. Clark and E. J. Henriksen
Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

The perfusion of rat hindlimb muscles and the isolated in vitro muscle preparation are usually the preferred methods for investigating muscle metabolism. In light of recent concerns about the incubated muscle preparation, we have examined the problems, the advantages, and the viability of these two experimental techniques, with focus on glucose metabolism. A major advantage of the hindlimb perfusion system is that it maintains its metabolic viability very well, and perfusions in resting muscles can be achieved successfully with cell-free media. However, variations in the perfused rat hindlimb procedures result in considerable differences in perfusate flow among muscles, making quantitative comparisons among perfusion procedures difficult. Metabolic viability has been identified as a problem in some isolated in vitro muscle preparations. We have provided criteria to avoid muscle hypoxia. Minimum levels of insulin seem to be a key requirement to maintaining the muscle's viability, and essential amino acids are required to retard an increase in the basal rate of glucose and amino acid uptake. Under such conditions metabolic viability can be maintained during prolonged incubations (9-30 h). Both the isolated in vitro muscle preparation and the hindlimb perfusion preparation are viable models for the study of muscle metabolism.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				H. Alkhateeb, A. Chabowski, J. F. C. Glatz, J. F. P. Luiken, and A. Bonen Two phases of palmitate-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle: impaired GLUT4 translocation is followed by a reduced GLUT4 intrinsic activity Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 2007; 293(3): E783 - E793. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. J. Rose and E. A. Richter Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake During Exercise: How is it Regulated? Physiology, August 1, 2005; 20(4): 260 - 270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. J. Wilkes, E. Nelson, M. Osborne, K. T. Demarest, and J. M. Olefsky Topiramate is an insulin-sensitizing compound in vivo with direct effects on adipocytes in female ZDF rats Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2005; 288(3): E617 - E624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. G. Richards, A. Bonen, G. J. F. Heigenhauser, and C. M. Wood Palmitate movement across red and white muscle membranes of rainbow trout Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2004; 286(1): R46 - R53. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				G. S. Olsen and B. F. Hansen AMP kinase activation ameliorates insulin resistance induced by free fatty acids in rat skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2002; 283(5): E965 - E970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Zhang and J. Radziuk Inverse relationship between peripheral insulin removal and action: studies with metformin Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2001; 281(6): E1240 - E1248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Okamoto, W. Wang, J. Rounds, E. A. Chambers, and D. O. Jacobs ATP from glycolysis is required for normal sodium homeostasis in resting fast-twitch rodent skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 2001; 281(3): E479 - E488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. D. H. Clark, J. M. Youd, S. Rattigan, E. J. Barrett, and M. G. Clark Heterogeneity of laser Doppler flowmetry in perfused muscle indicative of nutritive and nonnutritive flow Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2001; 280(3): H1324 - H1333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. J. Wilkes and A. Bonen Reduced insulin-stimulated glucose transport in denervated muscle is associated with impaired Akt-alpha activation Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2000; 279(4): E912 - E919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. F. Hansen, W. Derave, P. Jensen, and E. A. Richter No limiting role for glycogenin in determining maximal attainable glycogen levels in rat skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2000; 278(3): E398 - E404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. W. Winder and D. G. Hardie AMP-activated protein kinase, a metabolic master switch: possible roles in Type 2 diabetes Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 1999; 277(1): E1 - E10. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. H. James, K. R. Wagner, J.-K. King, R. E. Leffler, R. K. Upputuri, A. Balasubramaniam, L. A. Friend, D. A. Shelly, R. J. Paul, and J. E. Fischer Stimulation of both aerobic glycolysis and Na+-K+-ATPase activity in skeletal muscle by epinephrine or amylin Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 1999; 277(1): E176 - E186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-M. Ye and E. Q. Colquhoun Altered muscle metabolism associated with vasoconstriction in spontaneously hypertensive rats Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 1998; 275(6): E1007 - E1015. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-M. Ye and E. Q. Colquhoun Changes in Functional Expression of Alpha-1 Adrenoceptors in Hindlimb Vascular Bed of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and their Effects on Oxygen Consumption J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., August 1, 1998; 286(2): 599 - 606. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				L. D. M. C.-B. Ferreira, T. N. Palmer, and P. A. Fournier Prolonged exposure to halothane and associated changes in carbohydrate metabolism in rat muscles in vivo J Appl Physiol, April 1, 1998; 84(4): 1470 - 1474. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. F. P. Wojtaszewski, A. B. Jakobsen, T. Ploug, and E. A. Richter Perfused rat hindlimb is suitable for skeletal muscle glucose transport measurements Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 1998; 274(1): E184 - E191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Marmonier, C. Duchamp, F. Cohen-Adad, T. P. D. Eldershaw, and H. Barre Hormonal control of thermogenesis in perfused muscle of Muscovy ducklings Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 1997; 273(5): R1638 - R1648. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]