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AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol 263, Issue 2 E400-E415, Copyright © 1992 by American Physiological Society
ARTICLES |
A. Mari
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of System Dynamics and Bioengineering, Padua, Italy.
A simple tracer-based method for calculating the rate of appearance of endogenous substances in the non-steady state, free from the inconsistencies of Steele's equation, is still lacking. This paper presents a method based on a two-compartment model by which the rate of appearance can be calculated with only a modest increase in complexity over Steele's approach. An equation is developed where the rate of appearance is expressed as a sum of three terms: a steady-state term, a term for the first compartment, and a term for the second compartment. The formula employs three parameters and makes the relationship between rate of appearance and specific activity changes explicit. An equation is also provided for estimating the error of the method in each individual run. The algorithm can be implemented with a spreadsheet on a personal computer. Simulated and experimental data obtained by the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp technique were used as a test. The accuracy with which the time course of glucose production could be reconstructed was clearly better than that using Steele's equation. Marked negative values for endogenous glucose output were calculated with Steele's equation but not with the new method. The characteristics of generality, simplicity, and accuracy and the availability of an error estimate make this new method suitable for routine application to non-steady-state tracer analysis.
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G. Livesey, P. D. G. Wilson, J. R. Dainty, J. C. Brown, R. M. Faulks, M. A. Roe, T. A. Newman, J. Eagles, F. A. Mellon, and R. H. Greenwood Simultaneous time-varying systemic appearance of oral and hepatic glucose in adults monitored with stable isotopes Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 1998; 275(4): E717 - E728. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. C. Moore, P. J. Flakoll, P.-S. Hsieh, M. J. Pagliassotti, D. W. Neal, M. T. Monohan, C. Venable, and A. D. Cherrington Hepatic glucose disposition during concomitant portal glucose and amino acid infusions in the dog Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 1998; 274(5): E893 - E902. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Natali, A. Gastaldelli, A. Q. Galvan, A. M. Sironi, D. Ciociaro, G. Sanna, P. Rosenzweig, and E. Ferrannini Effects of acute alpha 2-blockade on insulin action and secretion in humans Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 1998; 274(1): E57 - E64. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. A. Jackson, M. J. Pagliassotti, M. Shiota, D. W. Neal, S. Cardin, and A. D. Cherrington Effects of vagal blockade on the counterregulatory response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the dog Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 1997; 273(6): E1178 - E1188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Shiota, P. A. Jackson, H. Bischoff, M. McCaleb, M. Scott, M. Monohan, D. W. Neal, and A. D. Cherrington Inhibition of glycogenolysis enhances gluconeogenic precursor uptake by the liver of conscious dogs Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 1997; 273(5): E868 - E879. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. K. Sindelar, C. A. Chu, D. W. Neal, and A. D. Cherrington Interaction of equal increments in arterial and portal vein insulin on hepatic glucose production in the dog Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 1997; 273(5): E972 - E980. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Hovorka, F. Shojaee-Moradie, P. V. Carroll, L. J. Chassin, I. J. Gowrie, N. C. Jackson, R. S. Tudor, A. M. Umpleby, and R. H. Jones Partitioning glucose distribution/transport, disposal, and endogenous production during IVGTT Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 2002; 282(5): E992 - E1007. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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