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Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 259: E170-E176, 1990;
0193-1849/90 $5.00
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AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol 259, Issue 2 E170-E176, Copyright © 1990 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Ammonia metabolism during intense dynamic exercise and recovery in humans

T. E. Graham, J. Bangsbo, P. D. Gollnick, C. Juel and B. Saltin
August Krogh Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.

This study examined the dynamics for ammonia (NH3) metabolism in human skeletal muscle during and after intense one-legged exercise. Subjects (n = 8) performed dynamic leg extensor exercise to exhaustion (3.2 min). Muscle NH3 release increased rapidly to a maximum of 314 +/- 42 mumol/min and declined immediately on cessation of exercise. Recovery was complete in approximately 20 min. Arterial [NH3] increased less rapidly and reached its maximum 2-3 min into recovery. These data demonstrate that NH3 clearance is more sensitive to the cessation of exercise than is NH3 release from skeletal muscle. Muscle [NH3] increased three to fourfold during exercise and represented 74 +/- 8% of the total net NH3 formation. Thus the change in muscle [NH3] alone underestimates the NH3 production. There was no evidence that the muscle-to-venous blood NH3 ratio shifts in accordance with the H+ data. Thus other factors must contribute to the NH3 release from active muscle. The total net NH3 formed corresponded with the intramuscular inosine 5'-monophosphate accumulation, suggesting that the NH3 was derived from AMP deamination. Changes in the known modulators of AMP deaminase (ATP, ADP, H+) were moderate, so the mechanisms initiating the deamination remain obscure.


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